The twentieth century brought profound change.
Military conflict and shifting borders transformed the Kurils from remote outposts into contested territory. Fortifications, airfields, and infrastructure were constructed, often altering the landscape dramatically. After major conflicts, populations were displaced and resettled, leaving layers of memory embedded in abandoned buildings, altered coastlines, and place names that reflect competing narratives. Even today, sovereignty disputes continue to influence how the islands are perceived and governed.Modern settlements in the Kuril Islands are small and scattered, concentrated on a few of the larger islands. Life in these communities is shaped by isolation and dependence on external supply lines. Fishing remains a primary economic activity, drawing on the surrounding seas’ productivity. Daily routines revolve around weather, transport schedules, and the availability of resources. Residents develop a strong sense of resilience and self-reliance, qualities essential for living in a place where conditions can shift quickly and unpredictably.
Transportation between islands and to the mainland is often difficult. Storms and fog can delay ships and aircraft for days, reinforcing the sense of separation from the wider world. This isolation affects not only logistics but also psychology, fostering close-knit communities while also challenging long-term settlement and development. For some, the Kurils represent opportunity and adventure; for others, they are a place of hardship and sacrifice. shutdown123